Fishing was more than an escape from writing for Hemingway – it was a vital part of his writing process. Writers have traditionally referred to their books as ‘brainchildren,’ and using the method of examining colloquial metaphors proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Metaphors We Live By (Lakoff 2003), we witness the extension of the metaphor to the writing and editing process by Hemingway. The third chapter considers Hemingway’s metaphorical identification as a birthing mother in his conception of his own writing process.

By managing the pain and the consciousness birthing mothers feel, male interference distorts the significance of the event for the mother. The second is the interaction of male characters with actual childbirth, and how male characters, specifically doctors and fathers, react to birthing mothers and try to control the event. The first is imitation of the ordeal, which he most closely enacts in his ritual engagement with fishing. This thesis considers Hemingway’s engagement with childbirth in three separate but interrelated ways. The resilience of nature and the variance of nurture conflict within the three families of Hard Times but the nature of the traditional family remains unchanged in response to the nurturing of social expectations and individual determinations. With their respective social backgrounds, each take on their own sense of nature and nurture in gradual and finite stages. There are three families this paper will put into contention: the Jupes, the Gradgrinds, and the Bounderbys. Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times explores the function of the family in both terms of nature and nurture. This social striation is otherwise known as classism which soon became the societal norm. A family is not of family members, but of a solitary union, each different from the next family. Work now entered the home, turning the family from a real occurrence to an ideal expectation. The Industrial Revolution changed both the social landscape of public and private life into inverses of each other. The Victorian family is defined less by its nature, its biological associations, and more by its nurture, its artificial means of cultivating similarities. In the Victorian sense however, the definition of the family and its dynamics take on a drastic change. Family by nature is a social group of individuals who share similar attributions and characteristics.

So long see you